认识Python

• Python历史、发展

• Python用途

• Python编程环境

• Python学习资源：

  python教程

  廖雪峰

  bilibili哔哩哔哩

• Python turtle绘图、词云制作

• Python tkinter 免费电影

   

一、Python历史

二、用途

1. 网站开发 --Flask Django pyramid
2. 大数据分析 --Numpy pandas matplotlib
3. 爬虫--网络数据抓取 scrapy xpath
4. GUI程序开发 tkinter
5. 运维
6. 游戏开发 pygame
7. 人工智能、机器学习 TensorFlow paddlepaddle

三、IDE集成开发环境

微软免费集成开发（推荐）

Pycharm anaconda

IDLE、VS code、pycharm……sublime、anaconda、jupyter

四、学习资源

• python教程
• 廖雪峰
• bilibili哔哩哔哩

五、python程序实例

• turtle绘图
• 多个Excel表合并，利用交叉表进行汇总分析
• python 实现文字识别（OCR）
• 图形界面实例（看电影程序）

----以上实例可在信息技术博客搜索关键字找到。

多彩制作

​x
#!/bin/python3
​
from turtle import *
from time import *
​
# 介绍字典
# 使用颜色选择器查找并选择新颜色
colours = { 
  '太空': '#060608', 
  '月亮灰': '#BCBDEF', 
  '非常青柠': '#A7E30E', 
  '深海': '#226363', 
  '真是树莓': '# FA057F', 
  '阴沉灰': '#363332', 
  '魅力橙':  '#F37C06', 
  '炫酷青': '#4FEEF6',
  '完美紫': '#6820B0',
  '可爱柠檬': '#FBF312',
}
​
screen = Screen()
screen.setup(400, 400)
screen.bgcolor(colours['太空'])
​
penup()
goto(0, 100)
color(colours['真是树莓'])
style = ('Arial', 40, 'bold')
write('你好', font=style, align='center')
right(90)
forward(60)
color(colours['魅力橙'])
write('世界', font=style, align='center')
hideturtle()
​
sleep(3)
​
goto(0,0)
color(colours['月亮灰'])
dot(350)
​
setheading(-90)
penup()
hideturtle()
goto(0, 135)
color(colours['非常青柠'])
style=('Verdana', 20, 'bold')
write('一部典型的', font=style, align='center')
forward(40)
color(colours['真是树莓'])
write('智能手机', font=('Verdana', 25, 'bold'), align='center')
forward(40)
color(colours['深海'])
write('比', font=('Verdana', 18, 'bold'), align='center')
forward(40)
color(colours['魅力橙'])
write('着陆在', font=('Verdana', 25, 'bold'), align='center')
forward(40)
color(colours['完美紫'])
write('月球上的', font=style, align='center')
forward(40)
color(colours['炫酷青'])
write('阿波罗11号', font=('Verdana', 25, 'bold'), align='center')
color(colours['可爱柠檬'])
forward(40)
write('拥有更强大的', font=style, align='center')
color(colours['阴沉灰'])
forward(40)
write('计算能力', font=('Verdana', 25, 'bold'), align='center')
color('white')
forward(50)
write('- 南希·吉布斯, 2012', font=('Arial', 14, 'normal'))
​

现代艺术

xxxxxxxxxx
#!/bin/python3
​
from turtle import *
from random import *
​
def randomcolour():
  ###如果您不使用trinket，请取消下面的注释###
  colormode(255)
  red = randint(0, 255)
  green = randint(0, 255)
  blue = randint(0, 255)
  color(red, green, blue)
​
def randomplace():
  penup()
  x = randint(-100, 100)
  y = randint(-100, 100)
  goto(x, y)
  pendown()
​
def randomheading():
  heading = randint(0, 360)
  setheading(heading)
​
def drawrectangle():
  randomcolour()
  randomplace()
  hideturtle()
  length = randint(10, 100)
  height = randint(10, 100)
  begin_fill()
  forward(length)
  right(90)
  forward(height)
  right(90)
  forward(length)
  right(90)
  forward(height)
  right(90)
  end_fill()
​
shape("turtle")
speed(0)
​
for i in range(1, 30):
  randomcolour()
  randomplace()
  randomheading()
  stamp()
​
#挑战-使用内置的dot函数
​
def drawcircle():
  radius = randint(5, 100)
  randomcolour()
  randomplace()
  dot(radius)
​
def drawstar():
  randomcolour()
  randomplace()
  randomheading()
  begin_fill()
  size = randint(20, 100)
  #绘制星形
  for side in range(5):
    left(144)
    forward(size)
​
  end_fill()
​
clear()
setheading(0)
​
for i in range(20):
  drawrectangle()
​
clear()
​
for i in range(50):
  drawcircle()
​
clear()
​
for i in range(20):
  drawstar()
​

石头、剪子、布

xxxxxxxxxx
#!/bin/python3
​
from random import randint
  
player = input('剪刀（s），石头（r）或布（p）？')
​
if(player == 'r'):
  print('O', end=' ')
  
elif(player == 'p'):
  print('___', end=' ')
  
elif(player == 's'):
  print('>8', end=' ')
  
else:
  print('??')
  
print('vs', end=' ')
​
chosen = randint(1,3)
​
if(chosen == 1):
  computer = 'r'
  print('O')
  
elif(chosen == 2):
  computer = 'p'
  print('___')
  
else:
  computer = 's'
  print('>8')
​
if(player == computer):
  print('平手！')
  
elif(player == 'r' and computer == 's'):
  print('玩家赢了！')
  
elif(player == 'r' and computer == 'p'):
  print('电脑赢了！')
  
elif(player == 'p' and computer == 'r'):
  print('玩家赢了！')
  
elif(player == 'p' and computer == 's'):
  print('电脑赢了！')
​
elif(player == 's' and computer == 'p'):
  print('玩家赢了！')
  
elif(player == 's' and computer == 'r'):
  print('电脑赢了！')
​
else:
  print('咦？')
  

Georgia's Spirals 乔治亚州螺旋

xxxxxxxxxx
import turtle
import math
import random
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.bgcolor('black')
Albert = turtle.Turtle()
Albert.speed(0)
Albert.color('white')
rotate=int(360)
def drawCircles(t,size):
    for i in range(10):
        t.circle(size)
        size=size-4
def drawSpecial(t,size,repeat):
  for i in range (repeat):
    drawCircles(t,size)
    t.right(360/repeat)
drawSpecial(Albert,100,10)
Steve = turtle.Turtle()
Steve.speed(0)
Steve.color('yellow')
rotate=int(90)
def drawCircles(t,size):
    for i in range(4):
        t.circle(size)
        size=size-10
def drawSpecial(t,size,repeat):
    for i in range (repeat):
        drawCircles(t,size)
        t.right(360/repeat)
drawSpecial(Steve,100,10)
Barry = turtle.Turtle()
Barry.speed(0)
Barry.color('blue')
rotate=int(80)
def drawCircles(t,size):
    for i in range(4):
        t.circle(size)
        size=size-5
def drawSpecial(t,size,repeat):
    for i in range (repeat):
        drawCircles(t,size)
        t.right(360/repeat)
drawSpecial(Barry,100,10)
Terry = turtle.Turtle()
Terry.speed(0)
Terry.color('orange')
rotate=int(90)
def drawCircles(t,size):
    for i in range(4):
        t.circle(size)
        size=size-19
def drawSpecial(t,size,repeat):
    for i in range (repeat):
        drawCircles(t,size)
        t.right(360/repeat)
drawSpecial(Terry,100,10)
Will = turtle.Turtle()
Will.speed(0)
Will.color('pink')
rotate=int(90)
def drawCircles(t,size):
    for i in range(4):
        t.circle(size)
        size=size-20
def drawSpecial(t,size,repeat):
    for i in range (repeat):
        drawCircles(t,size)
        t.right(360/repeat)
drawSpecial(Will,100,10)

TurtleDraw

xxxxxxxxxx
# A simple drawing program.
# Click on a color then click on the trinket screen
# to draw lines of that color. The gray color will
# allow you to move the turtle without drawing.
# 
# Patrick Rodriguez, @stratospark
​
from turtle import *
​
screen = Screen()
screenMinX = -screen.window_width()/2
screenMinY = -screen.window_height()/2
screenMaxX = screen.window_width()/2
screenMaxY = screen.window_height()/2
​
screen.setworldcoordinates(screenMinX,screenMinY,screenMaxX,screenMaxY)
​
brush_turtle = Turtle()
brush_turtle.goto(0, 0)
brush_turtle.speed(10)
​
# Set up event handler to have the brush_turtle draw a line
# to the point that the user clicks on
def on_screen_click(x, y):
  #print "%d, %d" % (x, y)  
  if y < screenMaxY - 40: # only draw if clicked below color squares
    brush_turtle.goto(x, y)
    
screen.onclick(on_screen_click)
  
​
class ColorPicker(Turtle):
  def __init__(self, color="red",num=0):
    Turtle.__init__(self)
    self.num = num
    self.color_name = color
    self.speed(0)
    self.shape("circle")
    self.color("black", color)
    self.penup()
    
    # hack to register click handler to instance method
    self.onclick(lambda x, y: self.handle_click(x, y))
​
  def draw(self):
    self.setx(screenMinX+110+self.num*30)
    self.sety(screenMaxY - 20)
    
  def handle_click(self, x, y):
    if self.color_name == "#F9F9F9":
      brush_turtle.penup()
      brush_turtle.color("black")
    else:
      brush_turtle.pendown()
      brush_turtle.color(self.color_name)
    
# Suppress animations while interface is being drawn
screen.tracer(0)
​
ui_turtle = Turtle()
ui_turtle.ht()
ui_turtle.penup()
ui_turtle.goto(screenMinX, screenMaxY - 23)
ui_turtle.write("TurtleDraw!", align="left", font=("Courier", 10, "bold"))
​
# Create color choosing squares at the top of screen
colors = ["red", "orange", "yellow", "green", "blue", "indigo", "violet", "black", "#F9F9F9"]
color_pickers = [ColorPicker(color=c, num=i) for i, c in enumerate(colors)]
for picker in color_pickers:
  picker.draw()
​
# Resume animations now that main interface has been drawn
screen.tracer(1)